Before discussing rainwater harvesting methods, we will first discuss water’s importance. It is the most valuable natural resource in the world. It is the foundation of every life form, from the largest mammals to the smallest bacteria. Water is also essential for humans and animals as it is the primary resource that allows them to carry out all their vital bodily functions.
We are responsible for using this resource responsibly and investing time in water collection. Even though our efforts may be on a small scale, they still have the potential to make a significant impact if we are consistent. Let’s first learn what Rainwater Harvesting is. Water harvesting is a method that reduces or minimizes runoff from rainwater so that it can be collected and reused. Rainwater harvesting also involves collecting and storing rainwater in reservoirs, containers, and other natural storage units. Finally, water catchment is an efficient method for collecting rainwater that we can use for domestic and commercial purposes.
The widespread use of water resources has made it essential to find sustainable water resources. Rainwater harvesting is one such source. Below are two methods for rainwater harvesting.
Objectives of Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting aims to regulate water flow through the landscape and intercept it downhill. Rainwater harvesting’s objectives depend on the context in which we will use this collected water. There are many ways to manage water flow and its availability throughout the year. We can also store rainwater to reduce or mitigate flooding and erosion effects or generate hydroelectricity.
The main objectives of rainwater harvesting are;
- To meet the population’s increasing water needs and resolve the problem of inadequate water supply.
- To raise the alternative water level.
- To make sure water storage and maintainable use.
- Reduce water loss by running-off
- Avoid flooding roads
- We can reduce Groundwater contamination
- During dry seasons, increase water availability
- Rainwater catchment allows you to capture and store rainwater during rainy periods.
- Reduce flooding and erosion
- To improve groundwater quality.
- To increase agricultural production.
- They are used for ecological development.
Rainwater Harvesting Methods
Here are 2 best Rainwater Collection Methods namely:
- Surface Runoff Water Harvesting
- Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
Surface Overflow Water Harvesting
In urban areas, surface runoff water harvesting is ordinary. This method refers to the gathering, accretion, treatment, and storage of runoff water to make it available for future and immediate use.
Surface runoff rainwater harvesting allows you to collect rainwater that falls on the ground and transport it to a tank below. We can use this water for irrigation or other purposes. Using proficient and operative water conservation methods is essential when we want to store rainwater. Reduce evaporation. It’s a simple technology to adopt and can be very lucrative if used correctly. The primary purpose of surface overflow rainwater harvesting is to encounter ever-increasing water claims, reduce water pollution and soil erosion and prevent flooding of roads.
Benefits of Surface Runoff Water Harvesting
Here are some of the benefits that surface runoff harvesting offers:
- We can use this method to collect water and use it for irrigation.
- You can use the water collected for other goods or living commitments.
- This method of rainwater harvesting is environmentally friendly.
- It stops the damage of freshwater to oceans and seas.
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
Rooftop rainwater harvesting is where rainwater is collected from construction rooftops. This structure uses the roof as the catchment. Water is then transported to storage reservoirs or synthetic recharge systems. Rooftop rainwater harvesting serves the primary purpose of making water available for future uses. In dryland, hilly and urban areas, it is essential to capture and store rainwater for future use.
We can install this system at the following locations
- In Villas and Residential Homes,
- In Schools, Colleges, or other educational institutions
- Installed in Multi-story buildings, Apartments/Flats
- In Government Buildings
- In Industries, Factories, Mills
- IT Parks, Hotels, and Restaurants
- Swimming pools, stadiums, and many other such facilities
Commercial and domestic applications of rooftop rainwater harvesting techniques include washing machines, flushing toilets, washing vehicles, gardening, and flushing toilets.
Rooftop water harvesting components:
The following parts are required for rooftop rainwater harvesting:
- Catchment
- Transport
- First Flush
- Filter
Benefits of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting has the following benefits:
- Rainwater is an excellent source of clean, safe water.
- It can provide water whenever it is needed.
- It is both environmentally responsible and socially acceptable.
- It helps to conserve water and encourages self-sufficiency.
- Rainwater is an excellent way to landscape gardens and plants.
- It decreases stormwater runoff and non-point source pollution.
- It is easy to maintain using simple, flexible technologies.
- It is safe to drink after it has been appropriately treated.
Maintenance tips
It is essential to regularly clean and inspects storage tanks. It should be easy to clean the tank. All tank surfaces, including walls and floors, should be cleaned and scrubbed. You may also need to remove leaves, dirt, and other materials from time to time.
Require a tight security cover for storage tanks to prevent algae growth and mosquito breeding. A good cover will protect the water from animal and human contamination. Rainwater to be used for drinking water should be kept in open containers.
To avoid serious problems later, inspect storage tanks for cracks. The best time to check for damage in the storage tank is before it rains. For drinking or domestic use, it may be necessary to chlorinate the storage tanks or cisterns.
